I am very saddened and discouraged. Yet Edward VII was fond of her too, writing, I knew how deeply Your Majesty would sympathise with us in our grief. This was likewise conceived around the Gobelins tapestries, the largest of which were displayed here. The Empress Eugnie of France died in July 1920 after spending 40 years in a house in Hampshire: Farnborough Hill, now owned by the Farnborough Hill Property Trust. Also known Farnborough Abbey, St. Michael's Abbey is an absolute gem of great historic interest. The interior is serenely beautiful and immensely grand, owing to the consistent use of internal masonry, the elegant simplicity of the moulded piers, and moving from west to east the magisterial succession of elaborate vaulting types. Date : 1920 Technique : photograph (from Glass plate negative) Place held : Bibliothque Nationale de France She made no attempt to modernise Kendalls heavy Gothic detail, but furnished these spaces with unremarkable modern pieces and hung the walls with new paintings and informal family portraits. For this, she was awarded a special medal, presented to her by the King, George V, in 1919. The lantern is enclosed and the crossing is lit by the large windows that dominate the shallow transepts. Everyone has heard of the Napoleons the former imperial and French royal dynasty, the most famous being Bonaparte, but very few know of the wife of Napoleon III (Bonapartes nephew), Spanish-born Countess of Teba Eugnie de Montijo. Following the death in 1873 of her husband, Napoleon III, and that of her son, the Prince Imperial, in 1879, the Empress Eugenie was eventually to settle in a new house (a cottage built in 1860 and today a school) in the Hampshire village of Farnborough. "Empress Eugenie" redirects here. The Empress EugeNie in Farnborough by Anthony Geraghty | Waterstones Sign In / Register Wish list Shop Finder Help Events Blog Podcast Win Waterstones MENU SHOPS SEARCH New This was likewise true of the rooms set aside for the household, which were located on the west side of the gallery, beyond the staircase. She almost invariably went to bed before eleven, the tiny household bowing and curtsying to her when she retired and she herself curtsying in response, as if they were all still at the Tuileries. See following image. Her liking is understandable he went out of his way to treat her as if she was still empress of the French. Here, Eugnie faithfully reconstructed his study at Camden Place in Chislehurst in Kent, where the imperial family had lived from 1870 to 1880. She also owned one of the first motorcars in Farnborough Village. In 1870, the Tuileries (the royal and imperial palace in Paris) was converted into a war hospital, where she could often be found caring for the patients herself. In accordance with Eugenies last wishes, on her death in 1920 she was buried above the main altar of the chapel in the crypt, flanked by the catafalcs of her husband and son in two side chapels. Human beings of her type do not change so very much and it is clear that during her reign she was already the person whom they knew in exile. Eugnie sent the entire contents of the villa to Farnborough, where they furnished the house from top to bottom. These two rooms (which are today the school library) were originally connected by an internal door, and, with two other small rooms, formed Eugnies inner sanctum. The Second Empire regime that he created in 1852 and steered for 18 years has become irrevocably tarnished by its humiliating demise. Whether you are a private individual or a company, if you are a tax payer in France, you get tax benefits on donations to the Fondation Napolon. Yachting in the Norwegian fiords in 1907, she encountered a German cruiser carrying the kaiser, who came on board the Thistleand behaved with the utmost courtesy. Inside the house, she created a museum-like display that recounted the history of the Bonaparte dynasty from the rise of Napoleon Bona-parte, her husbands uncle, up to the death of the Prince Imperial, her only son, in 1879. Her neck is fleshless, her hands are the hands of a skeleton. She was, after all, ninety-three. It commemorates not only a sovereign head of state, but, following the death of the Prince, the end of the Bonapartist ideal, which, ever since Napoleon Bonaparte established an empire in 1804, had sought to reconcile the political liberties of the French revolution with the institutional stability of the ancien rgime. . She realised that Eugnie had not lost her sense of fun when she said she had three hats, Trotinette for walks, Va ten ville for shopping and La Glorieuse for grand occasions. Her courage was also displayed when she and Napoleon survived an assassination attempt in 1858 on the way to the opera. She had intended to build this at Camden Place, Chislehurst, in Kent, where the family had settled after the collapse of the imperial regime in 1870, but she faced opposition and was unable to buy enough land. In March 1880 the empress went on what she called a pilgrimage to South Africa, to retrace her sons last weeks. The devastating cholera epidemics between 1865-66 brought Eugnie closer than ever to the French people. He enjoyed an international reputation as an expert on French architecture and interior decoration. Article. Another room re-created the Prince Imperials study at Chislehurst in every detail, with his clothes, his swords and guns, and his books; it was a cross between a museum and a shrine. Netherby Hall, Cumbria: Roman foundations, a 16th century tower, a Georgian house and a very 21st century future, The strangest museum in London? That Jaguars all-electric I-Pace is the 2019 World Car of the Year comes as no surprise to Mark Hedges. He, too, had not seen her since 1914, yet she made him feel it had only been the previous week. In 1892 Eugnie built a villa at Cap Martin between Monte Carlo and Menton, where she was to spend many winters: the Villa Cyrnos (Cyrnos is Greek for Corsica). But in 1891 she was a great deal nearer to les vnements, as she always called the downfall of the Second Empire than in 1918. (People had been saying that time had mellowed the empress.) Eugnie had been obliged to fight hard for the restitution of these treasures after 1870. Eugnie maintained diligent oversight of the foundation, ensuring they had good diets and that there was fresh water, central heating, Eugnie continued to encourage girls education and political independence in the last years of her life in England, lending her support to the suffrage movement. Get exclusive access to the top art stories, interviews and exhibition reviews, published in print and online. Tags: These visits were particularly focused upon in contemporary paintings. A lesbian (and a future admirer of Virginia Woolf), Ethel would cycle to Farnborough Hill in tweed knickerbockers, changing into a dress in the shrubbery. Eugnies body still lies with those of Napoleon III and the Prince Imperial in the abbey crypt at Farnborough, where the monks continue to sing an annual requiem for their souls. These are also long gone and the room now connects to a refectory built on by the school. This was the Villa Eugnie in Biarritz, today a hotel. In her will, she left thousands of pounds to various British and French charities. The Mausoleum remains the only official monument to the French Second Empire (185270). To her immediate left she placed a second sculpted image of the Prince Imperial, aged eight, by Carpeaux. Monks are still there and continue to offer prayers for the souls of dead Bonapartes. In 1919 King George made her a Dame Grand Cross of the British Empire in recognition of her war work, sending the Prince of Wales and the Duke of York (Edward VIII and George VI) to Farnborough to present her with the insignia. St Michaels Abbey is still used as a monastery by Benedictine monks, and they look after the imperial tombs in the crypt with great care. She spent the night of the anniversary of Louiss death kneeling in prayer by the cross placed where he had fallen in the little valley when her candle flickered, she believed that he was there with her. His whole life was commemorated in this room, from the elaborate crib that had been presented by the City of Paris in 1856 to the melancholy assemblage of items associated with his death, which were gathered together in a large ebony cabinet. As a result, the room faces east, which, according to 19th-century custom, was anathema for a drawing room. It seemed that her central source of torment was the welfare of the, In 1854, the Royal Hospital for the Blind was placed under her patronage. Find out more. Yet France rejected her even before Sedan, as a foreigner and as a woman who dared to covet power. Situated on the highest point in Farnborough, it has marvellous views over the surrounding countryside. In the empresss time there were several great drawing-rooms, including a Salon dHonneur, a Salon des Princesses, a Salon des Dames and a Salon des Greuzes each of them named according to the paintings they contained. A. Her judgement did not fail her Bigge ended as private secretary to King George V, who created him Lord Stamfordham. Her qualities were even likened to Queen Victoria, possessed by no other Empress or Queen of the period. Get the latest updates on new releases, special offers, and media highlights when you subscribe to our email lists! Farnborough Hill and the Empress Eugnie. As such, it celebrates and idealises French culture, as well as the sovereign monarch in whose memory it was erected. One hundred years after her death, Eugnies remarkable foundation looks securely to the future. But it is important to remember that the first emperor had never intended to be buried at Les Invalides. This suggests that Destailleur was seeking to bring into being the kind of church that ought to have existed at that time. Copies of this book are still available at a cost of 30 plus postage. Indeed, the sight of the Mausoleum, with its lofty dome rising through the pine trees of Hampshire, is one of the great unknown views of England. It is late French Gothic, flamboyant, with swirling tracery, ogee arches, flying buttresses and soaring gargoyles, crowned by a small Baroque dome that is a copy of the dome over the Invalides. To purchase a copy, please contact the School onschool@farnborough-hill.orgin the first instance. , Pantone No. Within a decade, Empress Eugnie had lost her Empire, her home, her husband, and her only son, Prince Imperial Louis-Napolon. The Empress bought the Farnborough Hill estate in 1880, following a decade of personal tragedy: the collapse of the Second Empire (1852-70), the death of Napoleon III, and the loss of her only child. Qty: Add to bag Description She watched events in France but took no part in politics although she still thought that a Bonapartist restoration was not impossible the Third Republic was riven by scandal and royalism was in steep decline, while Plon-Plon had died in 1891. It is a remarkable assemblage of buildings that would not look out of place in the Loire valley. In this way, at Farnborough Hill he strove to reproduce some of the signature elements of le style Napolon III. Preview and subscribe here. Empress Eugenie: A footnote history. In September 1881 the empress moved into a new and much larger house in Hampshire, Farnborough Hill, which had been built in the 1860s for Longman the publisher, on a knoll overlooking the minute but fast-growing town of that name near Aldershot. Lucien Daudet also called on the empress. The crossing reveals itself as one moves westwards through the building. Ethel Smyth and Lucien Daudet were there too. The coffin was taken to the station in the king of Spains state coach, with an escort of halberdiers and footmen carrying tapers. The original community was soon replaced by a group of French Benedictines from Solesmes. Its deployment at Farnborough Hill is not as obvious as it once was, as Eugnies additions have a decidedly French accent, but it was Kendall, working for Longman, who designed the mullion and transom windows of the ground floor and the elaborate half-timbering and decorated gables of the upper storeys. The Empress in 1862. The second idea pertains to Spain. Over the fireplace is a portrait medallion of Napoleon III, made by the Venetian sculptor Luigi Borro in 1865. Since no doctor, British or French, had dared give chloroform to someone so frail, Eugnie remained half blind from cataracts. Before the Csar dclass was released and expelled from France, Eugnie rushed over to Paris to see if she could help, her main reason, however, being to try and unite the two branches of the Bonapartist party. In 1857, using money given to Eugnie as a wedding gift from the City of Paris, she established the Foundation Eugne Napolon, a boarding for impoverished French girls. Address: St. Michael's Abbey GU14 7NQ Farnborough (Hampshire), England Opening hours: Guided tours at 3 p.m. on Saturdays and public holidays. Empress Eugenie: A footnote history. She was horrified by the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, and by the Treaty of Versailles although she took it down to the crypt to read to the emperor in his tomb. But on 10 July she suddenly felt exhausted and in pain, and had to be put to bed without undressing. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'thesocialtalks_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_2',158,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-thesocialtalks_com-medrectangle-4-0'); Her courage was also displayed when she and Napoleon survived an assassination attempt in 1858 on the way to the opera. The spirit of France is beyond all praise and gives one confidence, she wrote to Lucien Daudet when the Germans were advancing on Paris in August. The small community is known for its liturgy (which is sung in Latin and Gregorian chant ), its pipe organ, and its liturgical publishing and printing. What does the loss of Masterpiece mean for London? Eugnie (1826-1920) Empress of the French and wife of Napoleon III who, by her elegance and charm, contributed largely to the brilliancy of the imperial regime and showed calmness and courage in the face of the rising tide of revolution. The funerals in their hometown of Chislehurst (Kent) drew in huge crowds, both French and English, a testament to the respect the Imperial family had gained since they arrived in England. As time passed, they grumbled to each other about the infirmities of advancing age, Eugnies being rheumatism and bronchitis which, privately, she blamed on the English weather. Eugnie was placed above the main altar following her death in 1920. 'Told with exceptional scholarship, wit and humanity; the book itself is a ravishingly beautiful object' - World of Interiors 'Geraghty excels in uncovering the allusions that added up to a patriotic statement about French culture's ability to absorb and refine diverse European precedents' - Apollo 'Beautifully illustrated book reconstructs what the house, collections and mausoleum were like . Smith 0.00 0 ratings0 reviews 20 pages, Hardcover First published December 31, 2001 Book details & editions About the author W.H.C. While she was no longer an Empress, she still entertained royal visitors especially her dear friend Queen Victoria, in whom she found inspiration and in the grand residence she created at Farnborough Hill she sought to maintain a degree of princely reprsentation. During her stay here in 1894 she went to see the dying Victor Duruy in his flat, toiling up eight flights of stairs. In 1903, the house was raised to the status of an abbey and the monks extended the modest brick house provided by the Empress with large additions to the north and south, both faced in stone and inspired by Solesmes. 186 "Anthony Geraghty thoroughly chronicles Eugnies efforts to memorialize the legacy of her family and the Second Empire in, "This is a sad story told with exceptional scholarship, wit and humanity; the book itself is a ravishingly beautiful object. What impressed her most was the way betrayed, falsely accused, vilified the empress has attacked no one, nor uttered a single word in her own defence. Photographs by Will Pryce for the Country Life Picture Library. Upon the request of Queen Victoria, a cross was erected at his death site, and a monument was built in St Georges Chapel. He introduced the green and gold panelling in the style of Louis XVI, the two Classical columns and the new bay window. In 1854, the Royal Hospital for the Blind was placed under her patronage. The Mausoleum stands to the south of the house, on the brow of a hill close by. They brought with them a tradition of superb Gregorian chant and liturgy that made services in the church worthy of an imperial foundation. Also returned were her collections of Louis XVI furniture and Svres porcelain from Compigne, and the Gobelin tapestries of Don Quixote from the Villa Eugnie. Her most important act of memorialisation, however, was the Mausoleum that she built within sight of the house in 188388. But, as butterflies do, I still feel I must fly towards the sun. The empress Eugnie and the imperial vestments at St Michael's Abbey, Farnborough. The silk hangings survive from that time, but the room has otherwise been stripped of its original contents. Eugnie evidently viewed the collections as a totality, and tried to preserve them in a trust. Geraghty, however, recovers the totality of Eugenie's vision for . Viollet-le-Duc illustrated this in his celebrated Dictionnaire raisonn de larchitecture franaise, which had been published in instalments during the Second Empire. The choice of architectural style, however, was unusual for its date, at least for a house of this size. Exiled from France in 1870, Napoleon III and his son lie buried in England at St Michaels Abbey, Farnborough, Hampshire. They shared similar views on foreign affairs, Victoria becoming increasingly pro-French, a development which an angry Bismarck attributed to Eugnie. Before death takes me, I should like to see my Castilian sky for a last time.. Smith 4 books Ratings Friends Following My Gift It sits on the brow of a hill, with fine views to the east. . A phantom imperial court shared Eugnies exile here, one or two of its members spending the rest of their lives with her at Farnborough Hill notably the veteran secretary Franceschini Pietri. The Empress Eugnie in England Art, Architecture, Collecting Anthony Geraghty An exploration of the little-known assemblage of art and architecture that Empress Eugnie created in Farnborough in the 1880s. Eugnie lived during a time of significant technological development. After his father was dethroned in 1870, he moved to England with his family. At the foot of the staircase, she placed portrait busts of the emperors Napoleon III (by Iselin), to the left, and Napoleon I (after Thorvaldsen), to the right. Augustin Filon passed away in the same year. It was conceived around the Don Quixote tapestries, three of which were hung opposite the windows. These important objects became the cornerstone of the new interior at Farnborough. (Nikolaus Pevsner described it as an outrageously oversized chalet with an entrance tower and a lot of bargeboarding). The Funeral procession to Farnborough with Prince Victor Napoleon and his wife following the coffin, 20 July 1920 [Press Photo-Agence Rol] BnF Gallica. Empress Eugnie of the French, 1858 The marriage had come after considerable activity concerning who would make a suitable match, often toward titled royals and with an eye to foreign policy. Home History of the Two Empires Iconography Funeral of Empress Eugenie, the procession Farnborough with Prince Victor Napoleon and his wife following the coffin, 20 July 1920. . It seemed that her central source of torment was the welfare of the needy or sick. Despite a cut on her face and blood on her dress, the imperial couple arrived at the opera only slightly late. Ethel Smyths account of Eugnie, largely ignored by French historians, is telling. What does the future hold for the antiquities trade? A whole sea of blue water looked into you. He also noticed her deep Spanish laugh, which conjured up the bull-ring. The internal treatment of the dome is very restrained, with an octagonal rim around its base and 16 vertical ribs rising within. Eugnie extended the space northwards, bringing in much needed light, and she filled it with important pieces of 18th-century furniture that had previously belonged to Hortense de Beauharnais, Napoleon IIIs mother. The apse originally contained the monks stalls, but the community subsequently purchased an organ by the celebrated Parisian builder Cavaill-Coll and the monks now occupy the north transept. Even so, the journey meant a trek of several weeks through the veldt by wagon, sleeping in tents that were nearly blown away by storms. . She took this in her stride and adapted commendably: her refurbishing of her Farnborough Home, Farnborough Hill, included all the latest. She particularly loved the style of 18th century France and took Marie-Antoinette as her role model. In June 1920 the empress went to Spain by sea, sailing from Marseilles to Gibraltar. This was the celebrated group portrait of The Empress Eugnie Surrounded by her Ladies-in- Waiting by Winterhalter. Photograph: Will Pryce/Country Life Picture Library. . This was the grandest room in the house and the only interior at Farnborough to match the scale and opulence of the imperial residences before 1870. The Mausoleum is not large, but it is tremendously grand. Quite what the Spanish-born Empress made of this is difficult to determine. The Mausoleum is cruciform in plan, with a short nave, a spacious crossing, and an elaborate chevet. She also acquired a gramophone, which Filon thought one of the most perfect I ever heard; she told him, it enables me to listen to entire operas without leaving my home. Nowadays I am just a very old bat. When her boat put in to Algeciras the warships in the harbour, Spanish and British, gave her a sovereigns salute of twenty-one guns, which thrilled her as she had not been so greeted since her expedition to Suez over fifty years earlier. Eugnie became godmother to, and the namesake of, one of Victorias granddaughters. From the outset, however, Eugnie conceived the Mausoleum as much more than a building. In 1873 Napoleon III, nephew of the more celebrated emperor, died in disgrace at Camden Place, now the home of Chislehurst Golf Club, having endured German captivity and the disastrous defeat of his armies in the Franco-Prussian war. European Art, View all books from Paul Holberton Publishing. by Joanne Watson Paperback . The empress was on far better terms with their successors. Instead she employed another Frenchman, Gabriel Destailleur, who had remodelled the chteau de Mouchy for Anna Murat and designed Waddesdon for the Rothschilds. Though she never quite recovered from their deaths, Eugnie went on to live for another 40 years, continuing charity work and supporting others in their memory, an inspiring achievement. Station details & facilities Ticket office Luggage Beyond the original portion of the gallery, Eugnie created two completely new inteiors. From the start she hoped fervently for the recovery of Alsace-Lorraine, and Ethel Smyth recalled what a comfort she was at dark moments, so sane and unshakeable was her faith in ultimate victory. This was a defining moment for the new regime, placing them amongst the power from the mighty empires of Europe. I am left alone, the sole remnant of a shipwreck I cannot even die (. The ribs of the vault emerge from, and intersect with, the moulded piers, before culminating in a spectacular series of hanging pendants. Eyes sunk deep in their sockets, eyeballs glassy and staring, he wrote. The visitor who ventures beyond the roundabouts and dual carriage-ways of modern Farnborough will quickly encounter the remnants of an extraordinary 19th-century estate that played an important role in the history of Europe. Photographs by Will Pryce for the Country Life Picture Library. In 1881 the French authorities allowed her to travel through France so that she could attend the inauguration of a monument to Napoleon III in Milan. Other sovereigns besides Queen Victoria treated her as an equal. She never indulged in xenophobia, however, rebuking anyone who referred to Les Boches. Although she failed to keep her shrine to the patrimony of the so-called fourth dynasty, the Bonapartes, intact, Eugnie did manage to alleviate the morbidity and solitude of her final years with foreign travel, constant entertaining, active support for the war effort and the pleasure of seeing Alsace-Lorraine, annexed by the Germans in 1871, returned to France in 1918. Of bargeboarding ) two completely new inteiors in 1865 gone and the namesake,... Took Marie-Antoinette as her role model of memorialisation, however, recovers the totality of Eugenie & ;! 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