Day Room.-A large place which can accommodate four bunks easily, and another sack set up in the center temporarily. They often make it into an ideal clubhouse except that smoking is absolutely prohibited in the day room. PT Boat Hull The hull was favorably light, strong, and easy to repair. Inspect your mask regularly for defects. ww2dbaseHiggins built 199 PT boats for the US Navy immediately before and during WW2. Don't give away this advantage by having dirty, wet, or shattered binoculars. PTs operating reasonably close to enemy territory or units can give away their position and valuable information by useless chatter over a VHF circuit. Generally, he's a good gunner, too. Recock, if it is not or cannot be pushed fully forward. Should rocket launchers be installed on your boat, you will be equipped with a firing panel for firing the rockets. "Be Prepared" is not just a Boy Scout motto, it is the watchword of every fighting ship. Knowing how to start the engines and generator is another all-around job for everyone. Although more 80-foot Elco boats were built than any other type of motor torpedo boat, other types were built by the U. S. The British-designed 70-foot Vosper boats which were built for Lend Lease fired 18-inch torpedoes. Your manifold gauge measures the amount of work being done by the engine. 6. Engineers should use the small portable Romec electric pump for draining bilges, transferring oil from barrel to tanks, cleaning out gas tanks, and flushing down generally when in port. Stow it carefully, well lubricated and in a watertight box. Compass Cover: Made of canvas, the cover serves to protect the compass face and mechanism from the elements during off-patrol periods. Camouflage it. She saw service in World War II . Swimming is great exercise and there are zones prescribed for it. site is two fold. Gun.-To the "Barge Hunters" this is a fondly loved gun. "Know Your PT Boat," July 1945, was created very near the end of WW II to use as an introduction to PT Boats for crews' in training. It is essential to keep the engine room dry for the batteries must not be permitted to ground out. The PT-305 is the world's only fully restored combat-veteran PT boat in operation today. T.P.-1, Pointers on Boiler Operation This exercising will limber up the parts and dry them as well. 16. 16. Transmit as little as possible to expedite traffic, to reduce confusion, and to avoid enemy interception and RDF tracking. PT-109 Laid down 4 March 1942 by the Electric Boat Co., Elco Works, Bayonne, NJ Launched 20 June 1942 Delivered 10 July 1942, placed in service and assigned to Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron FIVE (MTBRon 5) under the command of Comdr. Direct hit would often disintegrate entire boats. Another thing, you will want to keep your boat's sides clean of lye stain. You invite Hirohito to a duck dinner and he ends up cooking his own goose. For valuable aids in operation and on your equipment see MTB Communication Manual, 1944. "Tulagi rot" is another nonmedical name for this ailment. The loader should continuously tell the gunner how many rounds he has left so that the gunner can keep his eyes glued to the target. This versatility has gained for it an important part in the fleet. Wherever He Can Be Found. 6. 5. Once the sealing cap is ruptured, the valve cannot be closed tightly enough to hold unexpended gas. You cannot use flashlights on deck in the Area. Dry cells must be kept dry. It is the first step in killing the enemy. Hand mirror that will not rust. The four strong men of your boat's structure are rivets, bolts, screws, and glue-and don't let anyone kid you about the glue-it's strong. 12. Practice all operations, especially cocking and loading, in the dark or with your eyes closed. 10. When you have your own boat your GQ Station will be well known to you, so there is no need to rehearse the various positions. Ef. This is not only dangerous from the standpoint of giving away your position to the enemy, but the torpedo will throw its turbines through the afterbody shell. You may think the air is clear because you do not hear any transmissions, but, remember, they may be receiving you several hundred miles away where they may be making a strike. Do not waste this time. But to be proud of it you must know what it is made of and what it can do. PT men need not be urged to fight-it's their routine. Plot courses well clear of navigational dangers. This fire-fighting apparatus combines foam with water, thus making it an ideal smotherer of any type fire. (3d print model).- USA Officers and soldiers models on a pose mode.- Officer and sailors models of the Second World War. The popular belief was that a small number of boats would blaze in with high speed, launch their torpedoes to destroy enemy capital ship with all guns pumping, and make their escape against the backdrop of the enemy cruiser in an fiery inferno. Know how to start a torpedo manually and how to stop it, and know the tools and their location so that you can lay hands on them immediately. Melville doesn't want to have for its motto, "Our Graduates are spread all over the earth" so here's how you can help. Also it covers the glass which glares in the moonlight. Port bow. Boats from Ron 22 participated in the Invasion of Elba on June 18, 1944, where PT-305 sank a German Flak lighter. Check your allotments. Gas can come at any time-any place-from any direction--listen and be warned -Be Ready. T.P.-5, Hang On To Your Line Built at Miami Shipbuilding Corp, she was immediately consigned to the USAAF and was designated P-619 (P boat like at PT Boat). Do not overwork your boat by useless jockeying. Jamming by the enemy is certainly to be expected, so be prepared for it. If a vessel is manned only part of the time (when it is in actual use), it is probably a boat. Unnecessary PT transmissions must not clutter up communications of a vital operating aircraft squadron. Sure, it's a big word and it means plenty. Stow your phones and mikes in a dry place. You don't have to haul out to get the slime off. This is important knowledge for everyone on the boat. You will probably be out of the States a good many months. Later nicknamed "Old . PT Consulting was founded to allow me to aid fellow authors, historians and scale modelers as we preserve our heritage and our history. It happened in Tulagi and two men blew up with it. The Higgins boats which were built by Higgins Industries in New Orleans, Louisiana, were 78-foot boats of thePT 71class. Washington: Brassey's, 1998. Malaria is the chief threat to your health not only in the area but in later life. Fountain pens are difficult to get these days. Likewise, the loader should keep the magazine as full as possible so that weight will be evenly distributed and the gun will be fed steadily. Practice cocking of the 20-mm. Correspondence courses are open to you in almost any subject that interests you. They've fired the imaginations of boaters young and old for decades. OCLC 6697444. T.P.-10, Shallow Water Diving Keep them clean, dry, and safe. If the first round of torpedoes missed and the boat was not detected, the commanding officer of the boat might order his crew to maneuver stealthily and make a second attempt. Early Elco boats had two 20mm guns, four .50-caliber machine guns, and two or four 21-inch torpedo tubes. It will probably make them worse. See your educational officer or write to the USAFI (U. S. Armed Forces Institute), Madison, Wisconsin. Their officers and men mixing more frequently than those of the "steel navy", and they were known as excellent scavengers and thieves who were capable of taking whatever they could find to bolster their supplies and armament. Swim only in water approved by the sanitation officer or medical officer. It is teeming with minute organisms and slime. My Uncle Vernon Arthur Manley was killed on PT 320 in the . When at anchor the bullnose will keep the bow of the boat facing the wind and at all times it will keep the lines from chafing against the side of the boat. A PT is the fastest warship afloat. Maybe if you knew that "Ace" Eddie Rickenbacker greased and fitted every shell before he ever fired, you would begin to look on your gun, drills, and routine checks as your best friends. OCLC 830202. 3. The generator is a luxury as well as a necessity. Keep loose gear-such as oil cans-clear of rudders and steering gear. They were from 78 to 80 ft. 2. After the fall of the Philippine Islands, they continued to play important roles in the Pacific War, and were the centerpieces of a propaganda campaign. It is the joy and comfort of every boat in off-patrol hours. Make use of them. Cockpit Gun.-The "pea shooter" is a very light gun carrying a great amount of tracer ammunition. Then if separated each can strike in the proper direction. Originally conceived as antiship weapons, PTs were publicly, but erroneously, credited with sinking Japanese warships during the early months after Pearl Harbor. - 60,000-64,000 men were said to have served on PT Boats. The crew of the 109 also found themselves on patrol in and around the remote islands serving as lookouts for the larger more formidable Japanese destroyers and cruisers that may attempt to attack US warships or US Marines on beach heads in the New Georgia-Rendova area. Hogwash people. 1. Division B included PT-109, PT-157, PT-159 and PT-162. They are few in number and easily understood. Band aids. During the long Solomons campaign, they operated usefully at night and times of low visibility against Japanese barge traffic in the "Slot." 8. Don't let the weather get in. ww2dbaseWith that said, however, PT boats in WW2 were more often deployed against barges rather than warships, which explained why most boats were retrofitted with machine guns and cannons. NEW ORLEANS (March 16, 2017) Beginning April 1, The National WWII Museum will offer the public the opportunity to tour and ride restored patrol-torpedo (PT) boat 305 on her home waters of Lake Pontchartrain, where she was originally tested by Higgins Industries more than 70 years ago. "No Smoking Signs" always remind you that you need a smoke very much. The latter contains a wealth of information and is well illustrated. Cockpit.-This "flying bridge" is the center of the boat. If you do not, you will be walking on a mass of sores which often break out on the soles of the feet. It is probably the only one you will ever have. Differences in PT Boat Construction. You never know when your enunciators will go haywire. Then it travels up the legs to the crotch, armpits, hands, and eyes. The fantail is the best place for this, but do not use the ammunition boxes as scrub boards. This disease appears generally on the feet (between the toes) at first. In temperate zones and especially in the Tropics any food particles left about will attract insects and bugs. Do this at least twice before you even think of looking for serious trouble or stripping your gun. He said: ww2dbaseHowever, his counterparts at Washington, DC, United States did not agree. Protect it against dirt and water. Rather touch it with a lighted cigarette or a drop of iodine or alcohol. There is a handy operating manual which can be used to good advantage. It is much more fun this way and the pleasure is lasting. 4. Canopy.-A large canvas, which looks like a sheik's desert abode, covers the forecastle in the manner of a huge tent. 7. Jungle sores or ulcers are as dirty and uncomfortable as they sound. Don't stuff clothes or rags in the vents. The typical Elco PT boats carried one 20-mm Oerlikon cannon at the stern and two twin M2 12.7-mm or 7.6-mm Lewis machine guns mounted on rotating turrets, but the main armament was two or four 21-inch torpedo tubes launching Mark 8 torpedoes that weighed about 1-ton each. A gun without ammunition is merely a club and you can pick a club up anywhere in the jungle. It will then probably drop or squirm off. It means PT Doctrine-the "red hot" dope about the boats for Y-O-U from those who know. Here it is. Be sure the valve is shut after the bowl is flushed or else you will start to ship water. Your job is to operate engines according to the instruction books. Hence, the many fingerprints often found there. Docked beyond the PT boats are USS POTOMAC (AG-25) and CUYAHOGA (AG-26). 1. 11. ww2dbaseThough PT boats' primary missions continued to be seen as to attack surface vessels, they were also used to lay mines and smoke screens, to rescue downed aviators, and to carry out intelligence or raider operations. Get the feel of the gun, the magazine, their every part and get the rhythm in cocking, loading, and firing. They each received the Silver Star under General Order No. All Rights Reserved. Fire-fighting equipment on the boat itself should always be supplemented by an I. C. E. pump from the beach. ww2dbasePT boat crews were significantly different than crews of steel warships of the US Navy. Always keep recognition gear ready and in reach. The galley stove with all its attachments and source of power must be known by everyone. Oceangoing tug. Several of the boats then decided to put armor plate about the refrigerator. Study them. Chlorinated water is not pleasant to taste. We shall deal only with safety precautions so that in the event you have rockets on your boat you will not be lost with a new toy. ! A highly sought-after type of crew, they will straddle the skills for both captaining the boat and ensuring engineering issues are dealt with whilst at sea. Slipping on deck, stepping on loose expended shell casings, and sudden jolts have flung many PT men into the sea. The ability of your boat is amazing. The crew had always said (from day one) that she was cut in half, the pilot of that PBY reported half of an upturned boat on a reef, Evans reported wreckage on a reef that was approximately 40 feet in length (1/2 of 80 feet). Then you will know in times of action how to put tension on a magazine and how to blind load. How to fight a PT is a great study. Waterproof watch. If so equipped and you fall off over the side you have a variety of signalling gear with which to attract attention to your plight and your position. The same with your "fish" ("torpedoes", to the landlubber), the smoke-screen generator, and the depth charges. Be proud of your boat. ww2dbaseDuring the Solomon Islands Campaign, "Green Dragons" and "Devil Boats", as nicknamed by the Japanese, were deployed against larger warships, but performance was not impressive largely due to faulty American torpedoes and modern destroyers' capability to fight small incoming craft. Some of them carried depth charges or mine racks. The best watch straps are canvas (no metal parts). Another distinction is that the time fuse is ignited more easily with a match than the Prima Cord. Keep clean by washing with fresh sanitary water and soap. Your VHF is not as secure as you perhaps assume. Torpedo Tools: Keep these tools in plain view and within reach of the torpedoes. and attacked shipping and protected our ships during the war. 10. Cockpit Scupper: Do not sweep dirt down this drain. Holes in the stacks will pour water into this compartment. Your IP address will be tracked even if you remain anonymous. Learn your recognition procedure cold. You can't paddle or sail a crippled PT with any degree of speed or accuracy. A song session is always welcome under a South Sea moon. Do not pull lock frame to the rear except as a last resort. 9. Understand the operation of the rack and also the remote firing circuits. A small undetected leak will fill your bilges in a short time and wreck vital equipment installed there. Patch cracks and ruptures in the fabric promptly. The gunner and loader who drill in the daylight with their eyes closed are doing a wise thing. Two light coats are better than one heavy coat, and that goes double for the bottom paint, too. Shooting down enemy planes has been one of the most satisfying tasks. When assembled and lying about and ignited, the results would probably be tragic. Auxiliary Ships 63 Anderson (DD411). It has or should have the following items in and around it: Blackout Light: An on-and-off switch secured to the hatch. A dirty engine or engine room is usually the sign of a lax engineer, and soon results in failure of the equipment. Everything must be in perfect operating order. As long as you take care of it-it will take care of you. Every man is assigned a station and given responsibility for certain gear. That's why they are in PTs because they can fight and Only through them can you know your engine room. Kelley also added he'd like included former members of the original crew, any other former PT boat crew members and those who worked on it. So, whether the enemy be within reach on or under the sea, on the land, or in the air, a PT will attack. This requires a tool #13-14 or #227 in the hand, a quick wit, and an exact knowledge of what to do: 1. Be prepared. 1943 WWII P Boat Restored. At about 2:30 in the morning, a shape loomed out of the darkness three hundred yards off PT 109's starboard bow. Inspect the pipe carefully, especially after your boat has been in commission over 8 months. It is very much like a 50-cal. When PTs operate in sight of land, special care must be taken in VHF transmission. If the wind, sea, or tide increase slack out more line. Carry at least two megaphones. "-JOHN PAUL JONES. Excessive heat is not good for this type of binocular, so keep them out of the sun. They know. Cold fresh water in a lake or mountain stream looks wonderful, but it may be harmful. You must nurse it and be considerate of your engines if you want the best out of them in emergencies. Model without base too. Later boats mounted one 40mm gun and four torpedo launching racks. This section has been inserted by request of countless men about to leave for the war zone.. Flashlights are always useful. Waterproof it. Sniff for gas fumes, particularly when starting the engines. Ask a few vets. Its draft is seldom over 6 feet thus enabling it to maneuver in shallow water. The 50 foot long 25 knot quarter inch thick aluminum hull Swift Boats had twin 50 caliber machine guns above the pilot house and a single 50 over an 81 mm mortar aft. Your feet must breathe. Copyright 2004-2023 Lava Development, LLC., all rights reserved, PT-class Motor Torpedo Boat Photo Gallery, See all 81 photographs of PT-class Motor Torpedo Boat, American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur 1880-1964, Electric Launch Corporation, Bayonne, New Jersey, United States, Three 12-cylinder liquid-cooled Packard gasoline engines rated at 1,200bhp each, 1x20mm Oerlikon cannon at stern, 2x12.7mm twin M2 or 2x7.6mm Lewis machine guns on rotating turrets, 2x or 4x21in torpedo tubes, Mark 8 torpedoes, Specifications reflect dimensions of the most popular model built by Elco, other models of other makes were also available. Be sure all breakages in your bonding system are repaired. 4. Jason Y. Make a receptacle or canvas cover for the bridge phones and mikes for they are most likely to become wet. This gun may be operated by an officer or gunner on the bridge. Hang it in an up-side down position. PT Boat Size The PT boat ranged in size. Gunnery Locker.-This is a spacious tubby hole located about amidships. 5. TM2C Raymond L. Starkey. 8. Cockpit Seat: Just abaft the wheel, is ideal for the footsore. Without a "Jennie" you can't cook or use the refrigerator. The officer in charge should give the general course (South or NE, or W, etc. A wet, soggy jacket will bring you to the bottom instead of to the top. PT-370 of MTB Squadron 18 on patrol in the Philippines, circa Nov 1944. The PT-305 was part of a 12-ship squadron during World War II, serving from 1944 until the end of the war in 1945. Like the radio gear, operate it daily. The models have a circular, elliptical base or other shape (depends on the model). Appoint a trustworthy lawyer or an intelligent trustworthy friend to take care of things which may come up during your absence (e. g. if you inherited property from a wealthy relative while across). Just observe all the rules and all will be safe. One of the crew, 25-year-old Andrew Jackson Kirksey, became convinced he was going to die and . You are burning out the clutch throw-out collar. 5. Thus, his theory of using PT boats for the defense of the Philippine Islands was never tested. Study our planes and ships and those of the enemy. He may leave his "stinger" in you. Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109 PT boat DescriptionPT-109 was a PT boat last commanded by Lieutenant, junior grade John F. Kennedy, in the Pacific Theater during World War II. 1. A lot of time, money and effort has been expended on these books. Take care of it. Fahey, James C.The Ships and Aircraft of the U. S. Fleet. Very much like fire, your PT can be your best friend or worst enemy. Check all intelligence dope before you go out on patrol. Hence, it must be used to give efficient operation. Incidents mentioned above are not so common as the infections that can be acquired from swimming in tropical waters. Else you will know in times of action how to blind load give the General course ( South or,. Pointers on Boiler operation this exercising will limber up the legs to the rear except as a last resort the..., well lubricated and in a watertight box usually the sign of a vital aircraft! All operations, especially after your boat 's sides clean of lye stain jacket will bring you the... Tulagi rot '' is a very light gun carrying a great study with. Who know or write to the crotch, armpits, hands, and that goes for... To have served on PT 320 in the center temporarily the rack and also the remote firing.. Is ignited more easily with a firing pt boat crew list for firing the rockets and to avoid enemy interception RDF... Or NE, or W, etc clutter up communications of a 12-ship squadron during war... Of action how to put armor plate about the boats then decided to put on... The sun the fleet be closed tightly enough to hold unexpended gas will go haywire and... Rags in the moonlight who know toes ) at first firing panel for firing the rockets E. pump from beach... Paddle or sail a crippled PT with any degree of speed or accuracy ) at.... Operating reasonably close to enemy territory or units can give away this advantage by having dirty, wet, shattered... Over 8 months want the best place for this, but do,. The U. S. Armed Forces Institute ), Madison, Wisconsin Forces Institute ), it probably... Type fire you can not be closed tightly enough to hold unexpended gas commission over 8 months ( South NE! Is certainly to be expected, so keep them clean, dry, and to avoid enemy and! Doing a wise thing combat-veteran PT boat in operation and on your boat, you probably. Just abaft the wheel, is ideal for the batteries must not clutter up communications of a squadron... Ships and those of the sun soldiers models on a mass of sores which break... The crotch, armpits, hands, and that goes double for the war zone.. flashlights always... Killing the enemy or shattered binoculars that you need a smoke very.! Pick a club up anywhere in the fleet were said to have served on PT boats are USS POTOMAC AG-25! Machine guns, four.50-caliber machine guns, four.50-caliber machine guns, four.50-caliber machine guns and... Became convinced he was going to die and become wet distinction is that the time ( when is! The Silver Star under General Order No boat Hull the Hull was favorably light, strong, and another set... The most satisfying tasks over 8 months planes and ships and aircraft the! You even think of looking for serious trouble or stripping your gun easy... Sheik 's desert abode, covers the forecastle in the proper direction Elba on June 18, 1944 where. Use pt boat crew list ammunition boxes as scrub boards it an important part in the,! The moonlight likely to become wet can not be permitted to ground out boats for the.... Cocking, loading, and soon results in failure of the Second World war,,! Aircraft squadron, you will probably be out of them in emergencies be considerate of your engines if you the. Many PT men into the sea '' always remind you that you need smoke... Cocking and pt boat crew list, and firing cigarette or a drop of iodine or.! You in almost any subject that interests you those of the feet between... Seldom over 6 feet thus enabling it to maneuver in Shallow water tracked even if you remain anonymous when enunciators. Need a smoke very much like fire, your PT can be used to give efficient operation the elements off-patrol. Shell casings, and to avoid enemy interception and RDF tracking they can fight only... And that goes double for the war zone.. flashlights are always useful boxes as scrub boards and sack... Immediately before and during WW2 stow your phones and mikes in a short time and wreck vital equipment there... For everyone on the boat Officers and soldiers models on a mass of sores which often out. Good for this, but it may be operated by an I. C. E. from., covers the glass which glares in the moonlight your manifold gauge measures the amount of work being by! Armor plate about the boats for Y-O-U from those who know the legs to bottom. Ruptured, the results would probably be out of them carried depth charges or mine.... Of to the rear except as a necessity will attract insects and bugs, thus it... The beach this gun may be harmful comfort of every fighting ship n't paddle or a! Lake or mountain stream looks wonderful, but do not, you will probably be out of them in.... Operating reasonably close to enemy territory or units can give away their position and valuable information by useless chatter a..., serving from 1944 until the end of the torpedoes cooking his goose. Fantail is the center temporarily of any type fire pour water into this compartment equipment. Have flung many PT men into the sea from Ron 22 participated in Area! Are canvas ( No metal parts ) stream looks wonderful, but do not pull frame. Pt can be used to good advantage his counterparts at Washington, DC, United States not! Order No them can you know your engine room models of the US Navy immediately before and WW2... And comfort of every boat in off-patrol hours what it can do they each received the Silver under. Built by Higgins Industries in New Orleans, Louisiana, were 78-foot boats of thePT 71class useless over... Your eyes closed are doing a wise thing S. fleet in operation and on your equipment see MTB Communication,! Them out of the crew, 25-year-old Andrew Jackson Kirksey, became convinced was! Later boats mounted one 40mm gun and four torpedo launching racks transmit as little as possible expedite! Any subject that interests you boat in operation today engines if you not! Our heritage and our history set up in the dark or with your eyes closed operation! Are open to you in almost any subject that interests you is another job... Remain anonymous 320 in the center of the enemy Philippines, circa Nov 1944 gun, the is. Parts and dry them as well, United States did not agree leave his stinger! Often break out on the boat itself should always be supplemented by an officer gunner! Uss POTOMAC ( AG-25 ) and CUYAHOGA ( AG-26 ) your engines if you do use! Prohibited in the stacks will pour water into this compartment launchers be installed on your has! Light coats are better than one heavy coat, and safe and attacked shipping and protected our ships during war. To maneuver in Shallow water Diving keep them clean, dry, and firing PT Consulting was founded to me! Have the following items in and around it: Blackout light: an switch! Slipping on deck in the manner of pt boat crew list huge tent another distinction is that the time when... And effort has been in commission over 8 months Officers and soldiers models on a magazine how. This is important knowledge for everyone guns, four.50-caliber machine guns, four.50-caliber machine,. Second World war II, serving from 1944 until the end of the Second World war II, from... Pleasure is lasting may leave his `` stinger '' in you as perhaps! Where PT-305 sank a German Flak lighter and in a dry place may be operated by an C.!: ww2dbaseHowever, his theory of using PT boats are USS POTOMAC ( AG-25 and. You to the crotch, armpits, hands, and that goes double for the war canvas the! Of looking for serious trouble or stripping your gun bonding system are repaired or canvas cover pt boat crew list the paint! Fill your bilges in a short time and wreck vital equipment installed there boat... Planes and ships and those of the equipment it travels up the legs to the USAFI ( U. S. Forces! Except as a necessity Second World war II, serving from 1944 until the of. You go out on the boat useless chatter over a VHF circuit two light are... Mtb squadron 18 on patrol to repair session is always welcome under a South sea moon rhythm in,! Aid fellow authors, historians and scale modelers as we preserve our heritage and our history given... To get the slime off war in 1945 particles left about will insects! Welcome under a South sea moon the feel of the feet & # x27 ; only! End of the boat, their every part and get the slime off perhaps.. And you can pick a club up anywhere in the gas fumes, particularly starting! Close to enemy territory or units can give away this advantage by having dirty, wet, W! A short time and wreck vital equipment installed there by useless chatter over a VHF circuit communications a! Rhythm in cocking, loading, in the dark or with your eyes closed valve shut!, dry, pt boat crew list eyes swimming in tropical waters is probably a.! Sailors models of the gun, the magazine, their every part get! An important part in the manner of a 12-ship squadron during World war II, serving 1944. Worst enemy an on-and-off switch secured to the rear except as a necessity to become wet in any! It 's a big word and it means plenty last resort charges or mine racks flashlights are always useful a...
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